This was Mikheil Chkhenkeli’s speech: “Chess, with its rich history, has been serving people’s intellectual development for centuries. It is important that this large-scale and unique tournament, the 44th Chess Olympiad, hosts representatives from many countries from all over the world, embracing many cultures and traditions united by the love towards chess. 

Chess has a centuries-long history in my country as well and has been documented in Georgian literature, poetry, and historical sources. Georgian women chess players have been especially successful worldwide, the most prominent of them are the world acclaimed Nona Gaprindashvili – a five-time world champion and the first woman in chess history to earn the grandmaster title among men- and Maia Chiburdanidze, Georgian chess grandmaster and a five-time world champion. 

We all agree that we live in the age of technological advancements. Therefore, it is vital to raise a generation equipped, from the very early stage of life, with the skills necessary to keep up with the ongoing progress in the modern world.

Chess helps students to develop complex skills. Among them are – concentration, memory, logical and critical thinking. It helps to establish value judgments, make decisions and solve problems with creativity. Chess is indeed a very effective educational tool. It is also related to the competencies defined by mathematics and other subject standards. 

With this in mind, the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia made an important decision to introduce chess as a mandatory subject for first-grade students from the 2022-2023 academic year. It has to be noted that our decision aligns with the requirement envisaged by the Declaration of the European Parliament of March 15, 2012, on the introduction of chess in Education systems. Currently, the Ministry is carrying out intensive teacher training in cooperation with the Georgian Chess Federation.

I’m deeply honored by the award for the commitment to promoting and developing Chess in schools granted by the International Chess Federation (FIDE). This is the recognition I highly value and cherish. I’m happy to have contributed to the development of children by supporting chess education in schools from an early age”.

According to the decision of the Minister of Education and Science of Georgia, Mikheil Chkhenkeli, students will learn chess as a mandatory subject in the first grade from September 2022-2023. Read more: Chess will be a compulsory subject in 2200 Georgian schools

The plan aims at “developing the students’ analytical, logical, and practical problem-solving skills, encouraging critical thinking”, reads the announcement. “Chess improves students’ multifaceted skills such as attention, concentration, memory, analysis, logic, decision making, spatial orientation and more. This, in turn, is directly related to the competencies defined by the standards of mathematics and other subjects”, it concludes.

The Minister of Education informed that the preparatory work with the Georgian Chess Federation has already begun to allocate the necessary resources to implement the program and start training teachers.
Read more: More than 500 kids crowd the central street of Berga to play Chess / 2300 children to play in the Swedish Schackfyran (Chess Four) National Final

FIDE Vice President Akaki Iashvili expressed his enthusiasm for the announcement: “There is relentless support for chess in Georgia. This plan implies that almost all first-grade students will learn chess, and the game will increase its popularity even further. That, in turn, will translate into more sponsorship. And, hopefully, this will also help us to see how one day a Georgian lady regains the title of World Champion, which is a national dream for us”.

It must be noted that the decision of the Georgian Government aligns with the Declaration of the European Parliament of March 15 2012, on the introduction of the programme ‘Chess in School’ in the educational systems of the European Union, which reads as follows:

 The European Parliament,

– having regard to Articles 6 and 165 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
– having regard to Rule 123 of its Rules of Procedure,

 A. whereas the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, in its Article 6, provides that sport is among the areas ‘where the Union shall have competences to carry out actions to support, coordinate or supplement the actions of the Member States;

 B. whereas chess is an accessible game for children from every social group and can help social cohesion and contribute to policy objectives such as social integration, combating discrimination, reducing crime rates and even the fight against various addictions;

 C. whereas whatever the age of the child, chess can improve children’s concentration, patience and persistence and can develop the sense of creativity, intuition, memory, and analytic and decision-making skills; whereas chess also teaches determination, motivation and sportsmanship;

 1. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to encourage the introduction of the programme ‘Chess in School’ in the educational systems of the Member States;

 2. Calls on the Commission, in its forthcoming communication on sport, to pay the necessary attention to the program’ Chess in School’ and to ensure sufficient funding for it from 2012 onwards;

 3. Calls on the Commission to take into consideration the results of any studies on the effects of this programme on children’s development;

 4. Instructs its President to forward this declaration, together with the names of the signatories(1), to the Commission and to the Parliaments of the Member States.

The Conference features the following themes:

• CGS project overall presentation
• Psychomotricity on giant chessboard – CATLE/ERASMUS+ project
• The final report of the CGS research
• Chess and Coding presentation
• Guidelines for Teachers presentation
• Interactive online training platform

The speakers of the Conference are: ECU Secretary General, Theodoros Tsorbatzoglou, Luis Blasco de la Cruz (Club Villalba 64), Davide Della Rina – Turin University, Chairman of ECU EDU Commission Jesper Hall, Miriam Minardi – CSEN, Alessandro Dominici – Alfiere Bianco, ECU president Zurab Azmaiparashvili, ECU Vice President and FIDE Managing Director Dana Reizniece Ozola, and Bea Johner – President of Chess4kids Association Zurich.

LIVE broadcast of the Conference Part 1: (scroll down for Part 2)

LIVE broadcast of the Conference Part 2:

Read more: FIDE ECU Survey on Chess in Schools / CASTLE conference in Turin / Chess in School Conference in Warsaw, Poland / Chess in School Conference – European Parliament, Brussels

.

We are here with Jesper Bergmark Hall, Chairman ECU Education Commission. Can you share with us the latest developments and initiatives of the EDU commission

The ECU EDU commission has the basic idea to support the countries, federations and organizations with Chess in Schools. In our analysis the best way is to take the knowledge of how to teach chess to a new level when the goal is not primarily to develop chess skills but cognitive and social skills. That is why we focus on developing courses. We have the basic didactic course ECU101, but beside that we have courses on chess and mathematics, chess for younger years, chess and logic, and so on. We continuously try to develop the courses and create new ones depending on what is needed. Beside that we have a newsletter: “First rank”, and we arrange and visit CiS conferences. We also want to support with research, statistics, surveys and not the least the knowledge on how to fund and run CiS projects.

The Chess and Education portal of ECU has just been launched.

The goal of the Chess in Education portal is to be a spider in the net for CiS in Europe so that all people that work with CiS can get inspiration and hands-on advices on how to structure and run CiS.

The SMART Method to Teach Chess Seminar is coming soon. What can the participants expect?

This course gives the participants hands-on tools on how to teach chess, specifically in a class room with school children. So far the course is recommended by 100% of the participants that have participated.

Now that we transition from the pandemic period back to normality, what will change for chess education? What methods and experience from the pandemic period will you continue using? 

In the first three months of the pandemic chess took a ten-years-step into the digital era, by necessity. Now it is the time to evaluate and find the right hybrid. The human contact, not the least in CiS, can not be underestimated as social interaction is one of our goals, but still many experiences from the last years should stay. 

On January 31, 2018 the Moscow Pedagogical State University and the Russian Chess Federation signed the Agreement on cooperation with the purpose of consolidation of efforts for ensuring social request for introduction of chess to educational space of elementary school, ensuring mass training of teachers in technologies of teaching chess in fixed and after hours.

The rector of MPGU Alexey Lubkov, the president of the Russian Chess Federation Andrey Filatov and the Project manager of “Chess Education in Russian schools” Alexander Kostyev made a speech at a ceremony of signing of the Agreement on cooperation.

MPGU will develop the program “The technique of training in chess game at elementary school” for additional education.

Development of a subject matter will be created for inclusion in curricula of the master program “Pedagogical Maintenance of Development of Younger School Students in the field of Mathematics and Information and Communication Technologies” of faculty of primary education of MPGU.

Also MPGU will give help to RCF on the project “Chess Education in Russian schools” which is realized by the Russian Chess Federation with assistance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and Fund of Presidential Grants.

The basis of the project is made by a competition among elementary school teachers and additional education teachers on the best development of educational and methodical materials of chess. The bank of the advanced techniques for lessons of chess and after-hour work which all materials will be in free access will be created as a result.

Besides, the program of chess advanced training courses for elementary school teachers (72 hours) will include the materials recommended by the Educational Commission of the European Chess Union. Thus, the Russian teachers upon conclusion of courses will be able to receive not only the Certificate of University, but also the certificate of “ECU Chess Teacher”.

Upon conclusion of the Ceremony, the simultaneous chess game of grandmaster Alexander Kalinin on 15 boards took place. Students, teachers and graduates of MPGU were the opponents of the grandmaster. Professor Pavel Chulkov managed to make a draw (on a photo – the first at the left). All participants of a session received as a gift the book “Lessons to Young Chess Players” with autographs of co-authors A. Kostyev and A. Kalinin.

Photos by Eteri Kublashvili

The Conference is to take place on 30 September (arrival day) to 3 October (departure day), 2016, at “Russia hotel”, in Tsaghkadzor, Republic of Armenia.

The main topics of the Conference are the following:
· Chess Education and Personality Development
· Socio-psychological issues of Chess Education
· Chess Teachers’ Training and Professional Development
· Technological and Methodological Aspects of Chess Education
· Chess and Inclusive Education Practices

The detailed information about the Conference and the official website will be available soon.

Chess has become a mandatory subject in the primary schools of Armenia since 2011. Armenia was the first country in the world that embarked on the realization of such a project.

cis.fide.com

The Chess in School Conference in the European Parliament will be held in Brussels, Belgium, on 24th February 2016. The Conference will take place from 4.30 to 6.30 pm in the A1E1 Hall.

The organizers of the Conference are the Educational Committee of the European Parliament, along with the European Chess Union. The main goal is to show how chess is implemented in the educational systems in various European countries, which will help continental chess for awareness and lobbying for financial support from EU institutions.

A number of keynote speakers and specialists in CIS Programs from different European regions were invited to make a presentation during the conference. European Union officials & MEPs, FIDE, ECU and National Federations representatives will attend the conference as well.

The detailed program is as follows:

16.30 – 16.45 – Welcome Speeches

– MEP Claudia Tapardel (ROU), Welcome Speech
– Zurab Azmaiparashvili (GEO), President of the European Chess Union, Welcome Speech
– Jesper Hall (SWE), Chairman ECU EDU Commission, Welcome Speech & Presentation of the participants.

16.45 – 17.00 – ECU Projects
– Irakli Rekhviashvili (GEO), representative of the Bank of Georgia, sponsor of ECU, Bank’s perspective
– Jesper Hall (SWE) – ECU CIS Survey
– Martin Huba (SVK), ECU Treasurer – ECU & EU Programs

17.00 – 18.00 – 5-8 min. presentations from:
– GM Judit Polgar (HUN), “Judit Polgar Chess Foundation” “Chess In Palace” CIS Program
– Leo Battesti (FRA), Chairman of Corsica Chess League – CIS in Corsica
– Alessandro Dominici (ITA), FIDE chess Instructor, Member of the CIS Committee of the Italian Chess Federation, Consultant to Chairman of the FIDE CIS Commission
– Vlad Ungureanu (ROU), Mathematics Teacher, Chairman of Chess in School Committee, Romanian Chess Federation
– José Francisco Suárez Roa (ESP), Phd Psychology, Chairman of the CTMYE of the Spanish Chess Federation
– Jesper Hall (SWE) – CIS Programs in Sweden
– Malcolm Pein (UK), Chief Executive Chess in Schools and Communities charity, International Director English Chess Federation – CIS Programs in UK
– Giorgi Giorgadze (GEO), President Georgian Chess Federation – CIS Programs in Georgia
– Mrs. Gulkız Tulay (TUR) President of Turkish Chess Federation, Mr. Kasım Yekeler (TUR) Board Member and Chairman of CIS Committee of Turkish Chess Federation – CIS Programs in Turkey.

18.00 – 18.20 Q&A session

18.20 – 18.25 Summary and conclusions, Jesper Hall and Zurab Azmaiparashvili

18.25 – 18.30 Final remarks, MEP Claudia Tapardel

Co-ordinator of the Conference is ECU Deputy President Mr. Ion Serban Dobronauteanu (email: isd@euro.ro)

The organizers of the Conference are the Educational Committee of the European Parliament, along with the European Chess Union.

The Conference will have 8 lecturers presenting case studies from different countries.

The main goal is to show how chess is implemented in the educational systems in various European countries, which will help continental chess for awareness and lobbying for financial support from EU institutions.

The key point is to explain from the perspective of the national education system how chess functions in their systems (i.e. is it an optional matter in national or regional teaching systems, how schools or city/local councils are choosing chess to be taught, etc).

The full program will be included in a separate ECU press release in the coming days.

(by Anastasiya Karlovich)

Kevin John O’Connell (born August 28, 1949 in London, England) is an Irish chess master. He is the author of 32 books on chess, hundreds of magazine articles and a couple of thousand newspaper columns, mostly on chess but also on computing and sports psychology. His newspaper column (East Anglian Daily Times in UK) has now been running for 25 years.

Awarded the titles of International Arbiter in 1998, FIDE Master in 2003 and FIDE Senior Trainer in 2010. Earned MSc, with distinction, in Sports Science from Essex University in 1998, gained a teaching qualification in 1999.

Ireland’s delegate to FIDE 1977-2010, he was President of FIDE Zone 1 (1978-1994), Chairman of FIDE’s Computer Chess Committee (1982-1990). A member of FIDE’s Qualification Commission since 1978, he was Chairman (1990-1994) and Chairman of the Titles and Ratings Committee (1994-2002). Honorary Life Member of the Irish Chess Union 2002.

Chairman of the Chess in Schools Commission since 2014.

Anastasiya Karlovich: The Chess in School Commission is one of the oldest and the most active FIDE commissions which was created in 1984. Which initial goals have been achieved since that time and what are your tasks for the next years?

Kevin O’Konnell: I was one of the founders of the Commission in 1984. Despite the hard work and financial support of founding chairman Nicola Palladino, few of the initial goals were achieved. It seems that the time was not quite right, with too much emphasis on chess development and not enough on using chess to help children develop educational and life skills.

Since 2010 we have refocused on using chess for education, for absolute beginners, mainly in the age range 4-12. The appearance of chess players from these programs (about 5% of those in CiS programs go on to play some sort of competitive chess, joining chess clubs and their national federation) is a happy by-product, but not the principal objective. This is in contrast to the previous focus (and current TRG – Trainers’ Commission – focus) on developing chess players, coaches and trainers.

Perhaps we were quite late with this refocus. In the interim, many organizations (some not-for-profit, others fully commercial) had sprung up around the world to introduce chess into schools, typically in a non-competitive format, to strengthen the level of children’s educational attainment, not to develop chess players. Some of these organizations are even hostile to the idea of chess players emerging from their ranks.

Over the years, we have developed a good array of teaching materials, support materials, especially our web sites and, in the last year or so the exciting developments of online teacher preparation and a curriculum for pre-school children. For curriculum and teaching materials we have almost a complete array. We do not advocate any one above the others, they are all approved by my Commission, but they do tend to fall into a sequence for different age groups. See below for details.

Chess in Schools – Our Global Future is a promotional booklet that we first produced in 2012, a new edition being published for Tromso last year. It is designed to provide all the background and support information needed for federations to persuade Ministries, school principals, teachers or parents of the value of a chess in school program. It is freely available for download.

Perhaps the most exciting development is our online platform for distance learning (see below for details).

For the future, it is important that we continue to develop our existing programs and to be on the alert for potential new developments, especially ways of using technology to even greater effect.

A.K.: How many federations take part in Chess in Schools programs. Which Countries are playing the most active role in promoting Chess in Schools? Why do you think they have succeeded and what was the role of CIS in their success?

K.O.: It is impossible to give precise numbers, mainly because there is such a broad spectrum of programs and our role in those programs varies greatly. However, you could look at our CiS 4-Year Report 2010-2014, where you can find information relating to 8 conferences that we hosted or took part in, 105 federations that we visited, assisted or worked with in some way and 80,000+ schoolteachers trained (mostly by the Indian and Turkish federations, using the ‘snowball’ method, which we initiated in India).

It’s also necessary to acknowledge the great impact of Ali Nihat Yazici during his term as Chairman of our Commission. Before Ali Nihat became the Chairman of FIDE CIS there were five important years of immense development of CIS in Turkey from 2005 to 2010. It was in 2005 that the Minister of Education in Turkey actually asked the TCF to put chess into all Turkish primary schools. Ali realized it was impossible logistically to manage that at the time and it was partly for that reason that he insisted on chess being an optional subject rather than a compulsory one. He was able to point to his experience when he became Chairman of FIDE CIS because he knew how it helped the development of the Turkish chess federation.

Often, the biggest single role in a project’s success has been the ‘door-opening’ achieved by FIDE President Ilyumzhinov’s visits and discussions with Presidents, Prime Ministers and Ministers of Education. He generates the political will to do something and then it is much easier (although not easy!) for us and the federations to develop programs with those ministries.

A.K.: Are there any problems in coordination between CIS and national federations?

K.O.: Our main focus is chess for education, using chess for the benefit of children’s school education, and their social development. As I’ve mentioned before we are focused on beginners but still about 5% of them are going to be chess players. At the same time the national chess federations are part of FIDE and the interest of the national chess federations is to grow and to have large membership, to have strong chess players.

Our agenda is to have a national chess in school coordinator in each country but it’s slow going trying to make it happen. Normally national federations look to chess from the professional point of view, they don’t see the advantages of chess in schools programs purely for beginners. But in fact we can help the national federations to achieve one of their goals as the main advantage to them of chess in schools is the increasing number of members of each federation.

Unfortunately we are still trying to explain it and it’s hard to understand why we are not making progress to get this message across. This is why we came up with FIDE student membership of which there are 2 categories: free membership and the paid one. It’s obvious what is the benefit to have paid membership for each federation. FIDE takes a very small amount, almost nothing and nearly all the income goes to the national chess federations. Free membership is also important as it increases the number of members of a federation, something which sponsors always care about.

A.K.: Can you please give an example of a country which successfully runs a chess in schools program? Are there any kind of researches about the benefits of chess in such countries?

K.O.: In 2011 chess was introduced as a compulsory subject in Armenia. Starting with grade two (7-year-olds), it is a three year program. The State Pedagogical University had a group of psychologists and sociologists carrying out tests from the very start. They have statistics for many sorts of things connected with child development. Over the past few years they have compared each different year group including those (7-year-olds in 2010) who never studied chess.

The conclusion of the research shows that teaching chess promotes the development of creativity, intellect, memory, watchfulness, emotional stability, logical thinking, willed qualities. All of this, once again demonstrate the importance and the role of chess in schools as a tool of effective and strategic management of education and formation of the modern individual. (See our cis.fide.com web site for details of the research).

A.K.: What kind of materials have you produced to help the teachers in schools and where one can find them?

K.O.: We have many downloadable materials to help both federations and individual teachers. We think that they are appropriate (approximately) for the following age groups:

4-6 Early Years Skills Program, based on the successful psychomotricity program (Chess on a Giant Chessboard). This has been developed in partnership with groups in Italy, Germany and Spain as part of an Erasmus+ program. Nearing completion, with 60 videos demonstrating how to implement the program, we will release this at the end of this year or very early next year, initially in English, Spanish, German and Italian, with French, Arabic and others to follow soon thereafter.

6-7 Chess: The First Year of Study. This consists of a classbook and a workbook, written by Umanskaya and Volkova. It is available in two languages: English and Russian.

7-9 Elementary Level Chess Class Book. This is a corrected translation of the book used in Turkey since 2005. It is available in English, French and Arabic. A separate teacher guide book accompanies this.

9+ Planet Chess. This was prepared by our Commission in 2011 and updated since. The latest available version (2014) can be downloaded in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and others.

All these materials are freely available for download from our site: http://cis.fide.com/en/teaching-materials. There are other support materials as well, not least the FIDE Student Magazine (see below).

A.K.: There are not enough teachers in some countries and many of them have to study chess from the very beginning. What can you advice the teachers to improve their knowledge in order to teach chess in schools?

K.O.: It is precisely those teachers who do not play chess who usually are best at teaching chess in schools programs. Chess players, especially strong ones and chess trainers are at a great disadvantage. The teachers are closer to the beginners they are teaching and better understand their problems and they know about teaching. Players and trainers almost inevitably look at everything through the eyes of a chess player, never those of a beginner, and they hardly ever have any training as teachers, thus they work under a double handicap.

Most professional chess players cannot see the things on the chess board the way that beginners do (or, rather, do not!) and I’ve seen strong players tearing their hair out because the children could not understand them. Whose fault is that? I believe it’s the fault of those who do not know how to teach!

We have developed a special program which can be used for pre-school children, for kindergartens and the first years of school. It’s not so much chess as the basic skills which are necessary even to start learning how to play chess because children of that age don’t have the necessary concepts, they don’t know what “square” is, what “line” is, not even speaking about “vertical”, “horizontal” or “diagonal”. They need to learn all this before they start learning how the pieces move. Also, bear in mind that at this age most of the children can neither read nor write.

Some chess players think that they can go to schools and teach children in one hour how all the pieces move and by the end of 1-2 weeks see them playing competitive chess. In our materials, we not only give advice but also explain to teachers why they are usually much better for teaching beginners than professional coaches or chess players. Many teachers think that chess is a very difficult subject and not being established players, they fear that it will be too hard for them to teach it. To support them I can just say – if you are teaching a beginner of anything you should probably not be a university professor of that subject!

The new FIDE Early Years Skills Program, for use in pre-school, kindergarten and first year of primary school, is a program that absolutely requires real teaching expertise with this age range and little or no chess knowledge.

A.K.: If you believe that the school teachers can teach beginners better than professional chess players and coaches, than where is the place for those chess trainers?

K.O.: Many chess trainers are against chess in schools programs where ordinary schoolteachers are used, the trainers fearing that they will lose by missing out on some lucrative teaching. But that’s a big mistake. Look, for example, at what has happened in Turkey so many children have been taught chess by the teachers and now want to improve their chess education. The demand is so great that there are not enough professional chess trainers to meet that demand and hundreds more trainers are needed.

Compare that with the position ten years ago when the situation was reversed – there were not enough children wanting chess training to provide enough work for even the small number of trainers then trying to make out a living in the country. When you have a proper chess in schools program, about 5% of those children go on to become players, and that creates a huge pool of demand for training.

We have been developing programs to target this problem of lack of trained schoolteachers. We continue to work towards making such programs available by ‘distance learning’ especially for the Early Years Skills Program and for the Diploma of FIDE School Chess Leader. These take care of the very beginning. Then our seminars for the title of School Instructor (using the Foundation Trainer Guide which we developed jointly with TRG) come into play for teachers who will take children on from the beginner level; it is then that they will learn about tactics, checkmates, opening, middle game, endgame and more.

A.K.: You have already produced more than 100 FIDE Students Magazines. How many subscribers do you have? What is the procedure to become a new subscriber?

K.O.: Many of our 17000 or so subscribers are from our first two partner countries (Slovakia & Slovenia), but on a percentage of population basis, little Jersey is clear first (ca ??% of children 6-18). Children (or their parents or teachers) can register in their language (12!) for FSM, which is entirely free, at sm.fide.com (there is also a premium membership with additional benefits). The magazine is then emailed to them.

A.K.: Who is helping you to handle all this huge amount of work?

K.O.: It would not be possible to handle this job without a lot of help from others, not only those who are inside the Commission, but also those who are outside. Let’s start with the books…

The authors and the publishers have made them available for use free of charge, so everyone can download them. We need to thank Dr Olgun Kulaç and Turkiye Is Bankasi for providing us the Turkish chess books, which we have translated into several languages (so we also have to thank our translators!).

The most active members of CIS promote chess in school programs in their countries or even whole geographical or linguistic areas. These mostly unsung heroes participate in the preparation of many of our materials.

A.K.: How does CIS cooperate with other FIDE Commissions?

K.O.: We have good cooperation with Social Action & DEV and a long-standing cooperation with TRG although improvements are always possible.

To improve cooperation between CiS & TRG was one of my main considerations in becoming a member of TRG in 2010 (and again in 2014) but it takes two to tango as they say. One example of difficulties has been the ‘tug-of-war’ over the School Instructor title. Introduced by CiS in 2012 and approved by the GA that year, TRG persuaded the PB to remove the title in 2013. CiS & TRG then agreed a joint control of the title, approved by FIDE in 2014, but that did not work out. In 2015 the Executive Board in Abu Dhabi returned the title to CiS!

In 2011-2012 we undertook a major collaboration with TRG to produce the Foundation Trainer Guide. Our objective with that book was to provide a bridge between the area of CiS and that of TRG. Most of the chapters serve a dual objective. The first is to expand the knowledge and understanding of trainers (especially DI & NI) in the area of teaching, so that they may be better able to step in immediately after the beginner stage. The second is to aid schoolteachers who wish to develop their knowledge and understanding of chess, thus going beyond the School Instructor title to the FIDE School Chess Leader diploma.

We view this as a very important area – the bridge between Chess for Education (beginners – CiS) and Education for Chess (chess players – TRG). ]]>